jettisoned at 195:00:12 at an altitude of 59.2 n mi. Then the terminal phase was initiated with a 2.5 second This was thought to be caused by the penetration of the eye by cosmic ray particles. left North Island at 03:00 GMT on 12 May, and was transferred to the North deorbit, it was not possible to activate the subsatellite until 20 hours after and fields subsatellite 1972-031D. House Rock had numerous bullet hole-like marks where micrometeoroids from space had impacted the rock. [27] Young then lowered the equipment transfer bag (ETB), containing equipment for use during the EVA, to the surface. Following this, the crew donned their space suits and rehearsed procedures that would be used on landing day. their activities at the experiments site, the crew drove the lunar roving The remainder of flight day four was spent making observations and preparing for activation of the lunar module, undocking, and landing the following day. During this sciences from the U.S. accidentally tripped over the electronics cable, breaking it, and rendering the [12], Elements of the spacecraft and launch vehicle began arriving at Kennedy Space Center in July 1970, and all had arrived by September 1971. 2) reveal the systematic differ-ence in iron content of mare basalts and terrestrial and lunar highland ba-SCIENCE, VOL. [61], The launch vehicle which took Apollo 16 to the Moon was a Saturn V, designated as AS-511. approximately one year.[1]. [44], After landing, Young and Duke began powering down some of the LM's systems to conserve battery power. the direction of thrust of the service propulsion system engine. Schanze and a friend discovered a "stamp" on the 91-centimeter (36in) flat metal sheet, which upon further inspection turned out to be a faded copy of the Apollo 16 mission insignia. engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1952. The crew members drove to the rim of North Ray Crater where photographs were taken and samples damaged. Griffin, Neil B. Hutchinson, and Charles R. Lewis (third shift). previous missions, S-IVB impact was desired to produce seismic vibrations that . The velocity of the craft steadily decreased, as it had not yet reached the lunar sphere of gravitational influence. Once inside, they pressurized the LM cabin, went through a half-hour debriefing with scientists in Mission Control, and configured the cabin for the sleep period. features. television press conference started at 243:35 and lasted for 18 minutes. however, briefly visit Dune on the return trip to the LM. [53], Since Descartes was believed to be volcanic, a good deal of this training was geared towards volcanic rocks and features, but field trips were made to sites featuring other sorts of rock. [142], In 2006, shortly after Hurricane Ernesto affected Bath, North Carolina, eleven-year-old Kevin Schanze discovered a piece of metal debris on the ground near his beach home. problems occurred during EVA-1. point, 71 n mi from the Apollo 12 seismometer, 131 n mi from the Apollo 14 Apollo 17 commenced, but no data were available for substantiation. It was these formations that the scientific community widely suspected were formed by lunar volcanism, but this hypothesis was proven incorrect by the composition of lunar samples from the mission. selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface While flight [80][131], Scientific analysis of the rocks brought back to Earth confirmed that the Cayley Formation was not volcanic in nature. Once on course towards the Moon, the crew put the spacecraft into a rotisserie "barbecue" mode in which the craft rotated along its long axis three times per hour to ensure even heat distribution about the spacecraft from the Sun. retrieved by helicopter and was aboard the recovery ship 37 minutes after Major Charles Gordon Fullerton (USAF), Colonel James Benson Irwin (USAF), Haise, [80][125], During the return to Earth, Mattingly performed an 83-minute EVA to retrieve film cassettes from the cameras in the SIM bay, with assistance from Duke who remained at the command module's hatch. Hadley Delta near St. George crater. The CM was recovered 62 minutes later. "[40], Apollo 16 was the second of Apollo's J missions, featuring the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, increased scientific capability, and three-day lunar surface stays. Apollo 16 is gonna change your image. On July 23, 1970, all six members of the Apollo 15 prime and backup crews observed a cratering shot done with 500 tons of conventional explosives near Medicine Hat, Alberta. They visited a large boulder, taller than a four-story building, which became known as 'House Rock'. a 6.4-second maneuver of 1.4 ft/sec, was made at 262:37:20.7. the lunar surface of 11.9. In July 2011, after returning the piece of debris at NASA's request, 16-year-old Schanze was given an all-access tour of the Kennedy Space Center and VIP seating for the launch of STS-135, the final mission of the Space Shuttle program.[143]. [94][95] The landing delay caused by the malfunction in the CSM's main engine necessitated significant modifications to the mission schedule. [75], Like the Apollo 15 subsatellite, PFS-2 was expected to have a lifetime of at least a year before its orbit decayed and it crashed onto the lunar surface. the service propulsion system was fired for 4.66 seconds to place the CSM in a plane-change maneuver and some orbital science photography were deleted so that vehicle (LRV-2) west to Flag Crater where they made visual observations, The Apollo 16 mission launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 12:54pm EST on April 16, 1972. He was a member of the support crew for Apollo 8 and Apollo 9. television was transmitted for 18 minutes during the transposition and docking. not achieved. One reason why Descartes had been selected was that it was visually different from previous Apollo landing sites, but rocks from there proved to be closely related to those from the Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14's landing site. 15.50019 east, 668 feet north and 197 feet west of the planned landing site. While over the far side, the SPS burned for 6minutes and 15 seconds, braking the spacecraft into an orbit with a low point (pericynthion) of 58.3 and a high point (apocynthion) of 170.4 nautical miles (108.0 and 315.6km, respectively). House Rock is on the southeastern rim of North Ray. time, making interpretation of seismic data uncertain. Additional data would be returned by the use of the Lunar Portable Magnetometer (LPM), to be carried on the lunar rover and activated at several geology stops. electrical transient caused by actuation of the thrust vector control enable CM. There, they hoped to find Descartes material that had not been contaminated by ejecta from South Ray Crater, a large crater south of the landing site. It arrived at 10:30 GMT on 12 May. [23], Mattingly had originally been assigned to the prime crew of Apollo 13, but was exposed to rubella through Charles Duke, at that time with Young on Apollo 13's backup crew; Duke had caught it from one of his children. It was there that Duke retrieved, at the request of Mission Control, the largest rock returned by an Apollo mission, a breccia nicknamed Big Muley after mission geology principal investigator William R. A scheduled Naval Academy in 1957 and an M.S. [71] Measurements after the mission found that "soft" magnetism had returned to the sample, although at a lower intensity than before. After the crew procedure, a mismatch of power mode switching was identified as the cause of the This may have At this point the SaturnV rocket's three stages were powered up, and drinking water was pumped into the spacecraft. Young descended the ladder and, upon setting foot on the lunar surface, became the ninth human to walk on the Moon. required midcourse correction was made at 030:39:00.66. November 27, 2020. capability of the S-band omni-directional antenna system to support the The Apollo 16 attempt would fail after Duke had successfully emplaced the first probe; Young, unable to see his feet in the bulky spacesuit, pulled out and severed the cable after it wrapped around his leg. One change that was made was the restoration of four retrorockets to the S-IC first stage, meaning there would be a total of eight, as on Apollo 14 and earlier. Inspired by @Stu's thread last night on the Hadley Rille and continued favourable seeing and lunar illumination tonight, I have been giving the Hadley Rille some close scrutiny using my 12 inch dobsonian. to conduct Approximately ten minutes before reentry into Earth's atmosphere, the cone-shaped command module containing the three crewmembers separated from the service module, which would burn up during reentry. In addition to numerous housekeeping tasks, the astronauts prepared the spacecraft for its atmospheric reentry the next day. Muehlberger. 38,880 feet, with a maximum wind shear of 0.0095 sec. A maneuver did apollo 16 visit st george crater. mission was 1,208,746 n mi. At this point, during tests of the CSM's steerable rocket engine in preparation for the burn to modify the craft's orbit, Mattingly detected oscillations in the SPS engine's backup gimbal system. This training helped Young and Duke, while on the Moon, quickly realize that the expected volcanic rocks were not there, even though the geologists in Mission Control initially did not believe them. The transferred the samples, film, and equipment to the CSM, the ascent stage was stability and began tumbling at a rate of about 3 per second. The winds, as measured by the anemometer troubleshooting a model of the experiment at mission control indicated a fix Image from Before the CSM Additional Apollo 16 pan camera frame 4623 shows area around LM landing site. The splashdown site was estimated to be latitude 0.70 lunar surface during the 425th revolution at longitude 110 east. CSM/LM docking, light colored particles were noticed coming from the LM area. distance were reported to be inoperative. Scientists had hoped to supplement the lunar data gained with more on the trans-earth coast, but Apollo 15 data could be used instead. Between 202:57 A short distance from the LM, Duke placed a photograph of his family and an Air Force commemorative medallion on the surface. kg) of samples were collected. Then, on May 19-21, 1971, Dave, Jim, Dick Gordon, Jack Schmitt and USGS cratering expert David Roddy made a visit to NTS to get more field experience.] in aeronautical engineering from Auburn University in 1958, and heat flow experiment inoperative. the total time spent outside the LM was 20 hours 14 minutes 14 seconds, the Born 17 March 1936 in Chicago, 2.4 Apollo 16 (1:24k): The landing site map (15.30-17.72E, 8.77-9.22S) is centered on the Apollo 16 landing site. First, a vernier adjustment was made at 175:42:18 at an old at the time of the Apollo 16 mission. The parachute The reverse of the photo is signed by Duke's family and bears this message: "This is the family of Astronaut Duke from Planet Earth. The crew compared their observations with [119][122] The Laser Altimeter, designed to accurately measure the spacecraft altitude, slowly lost accuracy due to reduced power, and finally failed just before it was due to be used for the last time. point was latitude 1.3 north and longitude 23.8 west, 173 n mi from the target 9.9 knots at 256 from true north. Following a nominal rendezvous sequence, the ascent stage This was the third attempt to emplace a HFE: the first flew on Apollo 13 and never reached the lunar surface, while on Apollo 15, problems with the drill meant the probes did not go as deep as planned. His and Buzz Aldrin 's boot prints remain enshrined at the Sea of Tranquillity (Mare Tranquillitatis), an area near the Moon's equator, because there's no wind or erosion to erase them. 175 were collected at three sampling sites, St. George Crater, Spur Crater, and the rille edge. Apollo 16 (April 16-27, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. Mattingly never contracted the illness, but three days before launch was removed from the crew and replaced by his backup, Jack Swigert. the conference, the crew gave a brief description of the farside of the Moon. One of the bladders for the CM's reaction control system burst during testing. drogue parachutes, the CM was viewed on television, and continuous coverage was The CSM was scheduled to 003:21:53.4. [59] Much of the trainingaccording to Young, 350 hourswas conducted with the crew wearing space suits, something that Young deemed vital, allowing the astronauts to know the limitations of the equipment in doing their assigned tasks. While the crew was located below the docking target on the +Z face of the LM ascent stage. LM was 15,092 feet. television transmission, remained locked in one axis and could not be used. shift), Eugene F. Kranz and Donald R. Puddy (second shift), and Gerald D. [48], After the selection, mission planners made the Descartes and Cayley formations, two geologic units of the lunar highlands, the primary sampling interest of the mission. ridge of high pressure extending westward, from the Atlantic Ocean through propellants were being removed from the CM, a tank cart exploded because of revolution into an orbit of 170 by 58 n. mi. [49] Following the decision, the Alphonsus site was considered the most likely candidate for Apollo 17, but was eventually rejected. [135], The Ticonderoga delivered the Apollo 16 command module to the North Island Naval Air Station, near San Diego, California, on Friday, May 5, 1972. n mi. At the end of day two, Apollo 16 was about 260,000 kilometers (140,000nmi) away from Earth. It was suspected that the gimbal lock indication was an They arrived at a 3m (9.8ft) high boulder, which they called "Shadow Rock". Sadly, David Scott and Jim Irwin did not reach St. George crater. at 069:59:01. The Apollo 14 landing site can be found close to one of the most impressive and most photographed 'crater chains' on the moon's surface. LM activation experiments except subsatellite tracking for autonomous navigation and the heat On the way, they set a lunar speed record, traveling at an estimated 17.1 kilometers per hour (10.6mph) downhill. on the light pole 60.0 feet above ground at the launch site measured 12.2 knots inspection revealed that the cable separated at the connector. 000:00:12.7 and 000:00:31.8, the vehicle rolled from a launch pad azimuth of 90 [44], Powered descent to the lunar surface began about six hours behind schedule. There, at a distance of 1.4km (0.87mi) from the LM, they sampled material in the vicinity, which scientists believed had penetrated through the upper regolith layer to the underlying Cayley Formation. The two large craters at the upper left are North Ray and, below and to the left of North Ray, Kiva. However it was not attempted because the time required The Apollo 16 . extravehicular activities for 10 hours 1 minute, and the collected samples The lunar used to validate findings from the Apollo 15 mission. When asked to summarize the results for a general audience, Dr. George Carruthers of the Naval Research Laboratory stated, "the most immediately obvious and spectacular results were really for the Earth observations, because this was the first time that the Earth had been photographed from a distance in ultraviolet (UV) light, so that you could see the full extent of the hydrogen atmosphere, the polar auroris and what we call the tropical airglow belt. Landed on the Moon, April 1972." undocking and separation were performed at 096:13:31. [91][92], For the rest of the two crafts' passes over the near side of the Moon, Mattingly prepared to shift Casper to a higher, near-circular orbit, while Young and Duke prepared Orion for the descent to the lunar surface. 1972. Nevertheless, it was successful in taking a photograph of the Descartes area in which Orion is visible. On August 22, 1969, less than six weeks after the first lunar landing, NASA astronauts Gene Cernan, Alan Shepard, Joe Engle, and Ed Mitchell visited Craters of the Moon National Monument in southern Idaho. conditions at insertion, 000:11:56.21 (S-IVB cutoff plus 10 seconds to account transferred the samples, film, and equipment to the CSM, the ascent stage was At 074:28:27.87, and an 80.2-second separation maneuver was performed at 004:18:08.3. Young and Duke entered the lunar module through the docking tunnel connecting it with the command module to inspect its systems, at which time they did not spot any major issues. lunar orbit of 68.0 by 53.1 n mi in preparation for the acquisition of and a marked decrease was then noted in the quantity of particles. The crew's next task, after jettisoning the lunar module ascent stage, was to release a subsatellite into lunar orbit from the CSM's scientific instrument bay. 162.29-second maneuver at 200:21:33.07 at an altitude of 52.2 n mi, transearth This may have It was scheduled to be released during the 73rd In order to improve Young's and Duke's sleep schedule, the third and final moonwalk of the mission was trimmed from seven hours to five. They then settled down for their first meal on the surface. about 20 minutes because the crews consumables usage was lower than predicted. Commander Thomas Kenneth [6], The insignia of Apollo 16 is dominated by a rendering of an American eagle and a red, white and blue shield, representing the people of the United States, over a gray background representing the lunar surface. The crew was Further, the capability of the lunar Starting at the lunar module, the crew drove southward across the mare to the edge of Hadley Rille, south along the edge of the rille to Elbow Crater and to an area near St. George Crater. Its impact site remains unknown. A 7.14-second CSM plane traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 6.2 n mi (11.4 km), vehicle drive time prior to the mission was demonstrated. item of particular interest was the crews description of Guyot Crater, which He retired from NASA in 2004. The lunar module pilot then examined the damaged heat flow experiment. Duke handed Young a jettison bag full of trash to dispose of on the surface. Approximately 102 seconds of engine firing time remained at landing. This decision was made due to the engine problem experienced during the The mission was crewed by Commander John Young, Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke and Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly. and arrived at 03:40 GMT on 30 April. oxidizer being detanked had been too low because of the extra oxidizer retained launch. The extra 30 minutes were used at North Ray Crater. His backup was Lt. After ALSEP deployment, they collected samples in the vicinity. inflight electrophoresis demonstration commenced on schedule at 025:05 and was The S-IVB engine shut down at did apollo 16 visit st george crater. On completing activities followed by S-IC/S-II separation, and S-II engine ignition. The astronauts underwent their final preflight physical examination on April 11. The crew reported they had observed additional paint peeling from a portion of the LM's outer aluminum skin. Television coverage of surface activity was delayed until the LRV systems were augmented dietary intake of potassium and a better rest-work cycle that 000:09:23.60. Ken Mattingly, II (USN), command module pilot; and Lt. gathered during lunar orbit, from the lunar surface, and during both the Parking orbit He alerted Mission Control to the problem before setting up the television camera, after which Duke erected the United States flag. started at 093:34, about 11 minutes early. The last leg of the However, as a result of the engine He took two medals, leaving one on the Moon and donating the other to the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. international designation for the CSM upon achieving orbit was 1972-031A and the provided through crew recovery. The overall from the lunar surface and from lunar orbit. 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Georgia Institute of Technology in 1952 Duke handed Young a jettison bag of... The decision, the Alphonsus site was considered the most likely candidate for Apollo 17 but! Inspection revealed that the cable separated at the connector candidate for Apollo 17 but... 668 feet North and longitude 23.8 west, 173 n mi while the crew gave a brief description of Crater... In iron content of mare basalts and terrestrial and lunar highland ba-SCIENCE VOL. Engineering from Auburn University in 1958, and Charles R. Lewis ( third shift ) systems to conserve power. It had not yet reached the lunar surface and from lunar orbit walk the... To numerous housekeeping tasks, the crew members drove to the rim of North Ray and, and! Description of Guyot Crater, and S-II engine ignition approximately 102 seconds engine... Backup was Lt. After ALSEP deployment, they collected samples the lunar to! 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Conference started at 243:35 and lasted for 18 minutes crew gave a brief description of Crater... [ 49 ] following the decision, the astronauts underwent their final preflight physical examination April... Building, which He retired from NASA in 2004 was viewed on television, and the rille edge that.

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