She was a companion to her hypochondriac mother and, in later life, a hostess with her father during her mother's long periods of indisposition. Hannah Rothschild, Countess of Rosebery (July 27, 1851 July 27, 1851 Gregorian July 15, 1851 Julian Tammuz 27, 5611 Hebrew, London - November 19, 1890 November 19, 1890 Gregorian November 7, 1890 Julian Kislev 7, 5651 Hebrew, Dalmeny Park) The Queen was shocked and thought the speech "almost communistic" and went on to attribute Rosebery's "shocking and disappointing" behaviour to the fact that "poor Lady Rosebery is not there to keep him back". Queen Victoria appointed her president of the Queen Victoria Jubilee Institute for Nurses in Scotland, the beginning of the district nurse system, which was to revolutionise health care for the rural poor and sick in Britain. During this period serious (if unproven) charges of plotting and ruthless ambition were about to be levelled against Lady Rosebery. He died from wounds received in action in Palestine in 1917, falling in action on the same day as his cousin, Evelyn Achille de Rothschild (1886-1917), son of Leopold de Rothschild (1845-1917) and Marie (ne Perugia) (1862-1937). Have an update or correction? Family tree. New York: Macmillan Company, 1964. "[65], Widowhood changed Rosebery, both mentally and physically: he aged overnight, and began to refer to himself as an old man. She made herself the link between the world and her "thin skinned and neurotic" husband. Their arrival in New York was widely reported, and a full and flattering description of Lady Rosebery was reported in The Herald. [48] The worry of this illegal secret, it was claimed, and fear of exposure, caused his insomnia and bouts of depression. Her notes accompanied the sale of most of the contents of Mentmore when they were sold in 1977 at Sothebys in what was dubbed the sale of the century. His Prime Ministership lasted barely a year, marred by problems and difficulties. Gladstone had nominally retired from politics after losing his Greenwich seat in 1874, when Disraeli had been swept to power. CREATIVE. Rothschild was born on 22nd Mau 1962 and attended St Hilda's College in Oxford and St Paul's Girls' School in Marlborough. "[107], Her two-volume work and the collection it described remained so unknown that "Save Mentmore" (a group attempting to halt the sale of Mentmore to keep the collection within Britain[108]) failed largely due to widespread public ignorance of both house and collection. Hannah de Rothschild, Countess of Rosebery, Britain: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women, Copyright 19982023, Jewish Women's Archive. Winston Churchill thought him maimed by her death, and later said of her "she was a remarkable woman on whom Rosebery leaned, she was ever a pacifying and composing element in his life which he was never able to find again because he could never give full confidence to anyone else."[100]. In the words of her cousinConstance Battersea, she became from the outset of her married life one of the most devoted and unselfish of wives who ever lived. Between 1879 and 1883 the couple had four children, two boys and two girls. While the Jewish Rothschilds were accepted into society, and indeed were close friends of some members of the royal family including the Prince of Wales, as elsewhere in Europe, antisemitic feelings were prevalent in the upper echelons of society; particularly so among those closest to the Queen at court, where following the death of the Prince Consort in 1861 the Rothschilds became pointedly excluded. Lady Rosebery had an angry row with Gladstone's wife,[77] where Mrs Gladstone pointed out that if Rosebery resigned he would have nothing but horse racing to interest him, and that Lady Rosebery should be patient as her husband was young. Born the only child of Baron Meyer Amschel de Rothschild and Juliana Cohen. Lady Rosebery, "conscious of her husband's supreme ability",[77] wanted him in the cabinet and was furiously agitating her husband's discontent until Rosebery threatened to resign his Home Office position. [71] However, immediately upon assuming the job he began to demand a place in the cabinet. However, Lady Rosebery did not live to see the work completed. Discover the family tree of Hannah Rothschild for free, and learn about their family history and their ancestry. Inviting him into her carriage for the journey to London, she pleaded her husband's case for three hours to her captive listener. At Mentmore she built many model cottages and schools in and around the estate. Published commentators on the Roseberys claim their marriage was happy, and there is no known evidence that Hannah was anything other than happy in her marriage. It is said that Hannah was first introduced to her future husband, the 28-year-old 5th Earl of Rosebery, by Lady Beaconsfield, the wife of Benjamin Disraeli, at Newmarket Racecourse. Many of her public activities centered on Scotland, where she frequently spent time at Dalmeny House, seat of the Rosebery family near Edinburgh. "[92] Proof of the widespread belief in society that Lady Rosebery was the stable element of the partnership was confirmed shortly after her death, by Queen Victoria, following a then rare public speech by Rosebery, in which he supported Home Rule for Ireland. She was educated at St Paul's Girls' School, Marlborough College and she read Modern History at St Hilda's College, Oxford . [87], Her interest in education has been one of her most obvious surviving charitable legacies. Queen Victoria was eventually persuaded to elevate Hannah de Rothschild's cousin Nathaniel de Rothschild to the peerage in 1884. However, his wife's ambition and part in his rise to power was not only being recognised in high places, but clearly starting to irritate. John Robinson. Birds, bugs & botany: the Rothschilds & Science. Crewe gives the date as 1 January, but 3 January is the date given by Rosebery in his letter. The remainder of the collection was dispersed in a week-long sale and is now scattered across the globe. During the final quarter of the 19th century her husband, the Earl of Rosebery, was one of the most celebrated figures in Britain, an influential millionaire and politician, whose charm, wit, charisma and public popularity gave him such standing that he "almost eclipsed that of Royalty". Attentive and full of fun, Hannah had been his frequent companion at racing and yachting events. [50] The more public and precise accusations of Rosebery's homosexuality by the Marquess of Queensberry, following the Cleveland Street scandal, did not occur until three years after Lady Rosebery's death. She was first introduced to her future husband, Archibald Primrose, the Earl. Records may include photos, original documents, family history, relatives, specific dates, locations and full names. [25] The Queen's equerry Arthur Edward Hardinge referred to the Rothschilds' dining tables as "resplendent with the Hebrew gold" going so far as to say a visiting Russian royal needed a "corrective" visit to Westminster Abbey following acceptance of Rothschild hospitality. There was little evidence and Dilke denied the charge, which could have been ultimately forgotten, if Virginia had not suddenly decided to sign a confession giving such lurid details that a great scandal was unavoidable. The Cousinhood. For the first few years following their marriage, the Roseberys resided in London in the Piccadilly house Lady Rosebery had inherited. The author. "[104] Corry had been Disraeli's influential private secretary on whom he had relied. He had sought the position feeling that Scotland was neglected by the Liberal Government who were more interested in Ireland. His final years were blighted by ill health and a self-enforced seclusion in Scotland. [26] Lord Spencer advised the Prince and Princess of Wales against attending a Rothschild ball with the words "The Prince ought only to visit those of undoubted position in Society. Bermant, Chaim. Cheddington School remains in its original building with her cypher on its walls, while Wingrave School, which opened in 1877, survives in new premises. He was an idealist who disliked the rancour of politics, in fact "his innate dislike of politics was something Lady Rosebery always fought against. Victorian Jews through British Eyes. Hannah also faced obstacles from her own family, and the wider Jewish community, who were publicly against the union. The first stone of what was to become known as Mentmore Towers was laid by Hannah at the age of nine months, and it was to become the most lavish of the English Rothschild grand houses of the time. [19] In 1901 Rosebery, in an interview with the Daily Mail, claimed to have met Hannah when their carriages crashed and he 'sprang out and saved her'; however, this version of their meeting is believed to be a romanticised fabrication of Rosebery's. Battersea, Constance. For her the rewards seem to have been the pleasure of seeing a husband she undoubtedly adored in the high office of which she felt him worthy. Young, p. 18, in his authorised biography of Lady Rosebery's son states "Most people at the time (of Hannah Rosebery's marriage) were casually antisemitic, despite the Prince of Wales hob-nobbing with Jewish financiers". [citation needed]. This gave her confidence and the experience to be the perfect political wife. Having firmly assisted and supported her husband on his path, she suddenly died in 1890, aged 39, leaving him, distraught and bereft of her support, to achieve the political destiny which she had planned. She claimed that not only had Dilke slept with her and taught her "French vices", but also slept with her mother and partaken in a three-in-a-bed orgy with Virginia and a maid. Once renovation was complete in 1882, Rosebery used it as a private retreat from his family, and began to spend his nights there alone. His father had died when he was eight and he had been brought up by his mother, who had subsequently married Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland. He died in 1929. She personally catalogued the collection, and prophetically wrote in the preface "In time to come, when, like all collections, this will be dispersed (and I hope this will be long after my death) this book may be of value. Niall Ferguson states in his History of the House of Rothschild that by the mid-19th century the Rothschilds regarded themselves as the nearest thing the Jews of Europe had to a royal family, and the equals of royalty. Rosebery was considered to be strikingly handsome and immensely cultivated. At the request of Queen Victoria, she served as President for Scotland of the Jubilee Nurses Institute. Quote attributed to Lady Rosebery writing to Hamilton on 16 December 1885. McKinstry, photograph caption following p. 130. Dilke's political career was ruined, and for years afterwards he continued to expound the Rosebery conspiracy theory. [citation needed], This first became evident in the great campaign to re-elect Gladstone, culminating in the 1880 general election. Lord Rosebery was deeply affected by his wifes death, declaring that I have lost the best wife man ever had. For the rest of his life, he used notepaper with black borders and spent every anniversary of her death alone. McKinstry, p. 150. [65] Two years after her death, friends were still concerned that he was suicidal. As the Marquess of Crewe put it "she had cut her spurs". The story of. McKinstry, p. 148 attributes the quote to the Journal of Lewis Harcourt, Vol 376, 2 February 1886. Rosebery, who has been described as febrile and supercilious,[41] replied in a letter of congratulations on the birth of his heir from Mary Gladstone: "I cannot pretend to be much excited by an event which occurs to almost every human being and which may cause me a great deal of annoyance." [39], There were times when Lady Rosebery's devotion to her husband was tested. Articles. Once, when talking with his daughter Sybil, he asked her what mourning she thought her mother would have worn had the situation been reversed. She had a high sense of duty and would never allow pleasure to interfere with duty. For the remainder of his life he wore black and used black edged writing paper. However, as a minority administration it was not expected to last, and a swift return of the former administration was anticipated. [85] Upon her inheriting her fortune, one of her first acts was to found a lifeboat station in memory of her father, in 1875, at a cost of 2,000. 31 December 1999. [55] This was particularly evident in June 1880 when shortly after the birth of their first child Sybil, Rosebery wished to visit Germany for three months, to take a cure at a German spa (he was recovering from what is now thought to have been a nervous breakdown). During their marriage the Roseberys travelled extensively, usually without their children. London: Macmillan and Co., 1922. Rumours began to circulate that the Roseberys, and Lady Rosebery in particular, were at the bottom of Dilke's misfortune.[81]. His daughter Hannah, aged just five months, helped lay the foundation stone on 31 December 1851. Rosebery, a self-centred, reserved man, prone to depression, pessimism and insecurity, had a difficult relationship with his mother, who had been distant and openly preferred his younger brother. Corry had been Disraeli's influential private secretary on whom he had relied. Lady Rosebery went on to describe how "They (the crowds) patted me on the back till my shoulders were sensitive. [94], The Queen had thoroughly liked Lady Rosebery and wrote Rosebery several letters of condolence, likening his loss to the untimely death of her own consort, Prince Albert. "[47] Having toured and been fted in America, the party moved on to Australia via Honolulu. [25] Queen Victoria herself expressed antisemitic views in 1873 when it was proposed that Lionel de Rothschild be elevated to the peerage; the Queen refused, and expressed a reluctance to make a Jew a peer, saying that "to make a Jew a peer is a step she could not consent to" and furthermore stating that to give "a title and mark of her approbation to a Jew" was something she would not do. Lord Granville in fact considered Rosebery's wife to be the more ambitious of the pair,[39] and even advised her "If you keep him up to the mark, [he] is sure to have his page in history. "[28] On seeing his son for the first time he remarked "Le Jew est fait, rien ne vas plus,"[40] which must have been disconcerting for the child's Jewish mother. She married Philip Archibald Primrose in 1878 and devoted the rest of her life to her husband and marriage. Hannah's father was the fourth son of Baron Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1777-1836) and though very anglicized in his ways, styled himself Baron Mayer as was the custom among younger sons of the nobility in Europe. News of the impending marriage caused great distress in the Jewish community and there were articles in the Jewish press decrying the match, although this was not the first intermarriage within the English Rothschild family. On her trip to Australia with her husband she went to services at the synagogue in Melbourne. In August the household would move north to Dalmeny for the grouse shooting. She also helped her husband build up his rare book collection. "Hannah de Rothschild, Countess of Rosebery." "[84] Rosebery was now on the path to political greatness, but Gladstone's government fell the same year. Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery (ne de Rothschild; 27 July 1851 19 November 1890) was the daughter of Baron Mayer de Rothschild and his wife Juliana (ne Cohen). [17], Hannah de Rothschild was first introduced to her future husband, the 28-year-old Earl of Rosebery, by Lady Beaconsfield, the wife of Benjamin Disraeli, at Newmarket Racecourse. Presented to Hannah Rothschild by the Earl of Rosebery upon the occasion of their marriage Exhibited Japan, Jewellery from Renaissance to Art Dco: 1540-1940 , Tokyo 24 April-1 July 2003; Fukuoka 12 July-24 August 2003; Nagoya 30 August-23 September 2003; Kyoto 25 October-30 November 2003, no. Like her mother, Baroness Juliana de Rothschild, she was very active in philanthropic undertakings. [69] Lady Rosebery reported, "I had never heard Archie (Lord Rosebery) speak in public politically before, but after the first minute I felt I could never be nervous at his making a speech the audience show him great affection." She was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Willesden in London with full Jewish rites, although it was apparent from a note he wrote to Queen Victoria that this was particularly painful for her husband. The relationship between the couple appears at times to have been almost that of a mother and child. Henry James, an occasional guest in the Roseberys' homes,[28] delivered one of the most unflattering condemnations of Lady Rosebery describing her as "large, coarse, Hebrew-looking with hair of no particular colour and personally unattractive".[36]. However, within a week of her death her husband began to cancel many of these subscriptions, prompting charges of antisemitism. (Viewed on January 18, 2023)
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